Supported by strong economic performance and political stability, Tanzania has enjoyed a level of domestic stability uncommon to many of its neighbouring countries in the Great Lakes region.

However, this has not translated into economic prosperity for all Tanzanians, with mismanagement of natural resources increasing risk. Over half of its population continues to be affected by poverty, lacking full access to education and health services.

Ongoing conflicts over land exacerbated by an influx of refugees from neighbouring countries, have resulted in insecurity. Effects of climate change are only making the situation worse by increasing competition for scarce resources in certain regions. Wildlife-rich national parks have also been targeted by poachers, with local species at risk.

With World Bank estimates suggesting that over one million Tanzanians engage in artisanal and small-scale mining, Tanzania has committed to transform its natural resource management systems. Tanzania is a member of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) and in 2010, the country’s President signed the Lusaka Declaration with 11 other Heads of State kicking off the implementation of the Regional Initiative against the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources (RINR).

Additionally, Tanzania is a member of the Kimberley Process and is required to put in place internal controls that certify the origin of its rough diamonds as conflict-free. Despite being a member of the KP, the country still struggles with the illicit trade of diamonds and other minerals, losing important tax revenue. Internally, Tanzania has taken actions to crack down on corruption and is attempting to derive greater benefit from the international exploitation of its mining industry.

Resources

Tanzania’s key natural resources include gold, diamond, iron, coal, nickel, tanzanite, uranium, timber, and wildlife. Major offshore natural gas deposits were also found in 2012.